Trail Of Tears Essays (823 words) - Political Philosophy, Politics

Trail Of Tears The Federalists vs. The Anti-Federalists When the revolutionary war was over, the American colonists had found themselves free of British domination. Due to the fact that they were free from British control, they wanted to create their own system of government where tyranny would be practically diminished. Originally, the separate states were connected by The Articles of Confederation. But this document gave the central government no power of their own. Because of this, the states had many problems in international politics since they had just found freedom and did not have the respect of other countries. This caused a lot of thinking and it was decided that a document needed to be created to strengthen the central government and at the same time ensuring the safety of the states. So came to be the constitution. The constitution brought about a division between the American people. These two groups were the federalists, who believed that the constitution was good, and the anti-federalists who thought that the constitution would not be able to protect the rights of the people. These two groups had conflicting views but together, they both wanted the same thing. The same thing was that America should be controlled by the people by the principles of federalism. Both groups, the federalist and anti-federalists recognized the fact that power was being abused. They witnessed what had happened in the war and that their had been negative effects of power and the result was very clear. British vocation had made them very aware of the threat of corruption. Therefore, they wanted to make a government that would ensure the duration of an just republic. The federalists exclaimed that the constitution was the only way they could reach this goal of a just society. As James Wilson had said, the constitution would not give all the power to the legislature unless it was legally written down to ensure power was not mistreated. In the constitution, it does allow congress to make laws that help out the government in the area of execution of foreign powers. The view of the anti-federalists were obviously different. They believed that the power given to the congress was not safe since it put them too much in control. Hence they created the Bill of Rights to establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity and provide for the common defense... The anti-federalists feared that the actual people would not be fairly represented by their new government since they would have the power to get rid of the individual rights of the people. The Bill of Rights claims it is for and by the people. Especially since America is so large, it does not ensure everyone's opinion would be heard. Many people did not like the idea of having representatives from each state because one man can not bring forth many different opinions. Anti-federalists believe that liberty only is present when there are few people and they can actually get their voice projected. In a large population, like America, the citizens do not get individual freedom and are deprived of their rights. Yet, Madison a federalist stated that in a small republic, tyranny could be much more assessable since it would be easier to dominate others. Unlike in a large republic which is made up of many views where as it is less chance that a few can dominate others. Even in individual states it is easy to elect officials since people can be easily controlled when there aren't many people. In other word, the more the people, the less chance of bribery and inducement. Another benefit of a larger republic is that there would be a variety of people representing them and their would be many candidates to pick from. Ensuring the highest quality government. In a small republic, options would be very select making it an unfair election. Besides finding officials to best represent the people, there were many other controversial topics that faced the American people. The topic of taxation brought about many different ideas of what should be. The anti-federalists believed that by forming a new system would be very challenging because that is what they know and use. The first problem they found was that states would not want to have two state taxes. This is unfair to the people. They also argued that a state tax was unfair since each state was different with different needs. This could very well destroy a state economically while other states be fine. The federalists believed

Free Essays on Hamlet Theme Analysis

The tragedy of Hamlet is a tragedy of losses. A son’s loss of his father. A child’s abandonment by his mother. A man’s rejection by his lover. A loss of friendship. The loss of lives, and finally the loss of a country. All of these losses are tragic within themselves but the ultimate tragedy is that each one contained within itself the seeds of its own making. The seeds of destruction are sown and grow to produce the tragedies of loss that lie scattered through the play like the flowers on Ophelia’s coffin. Early on in the play we learn that forces are gathering around the country of Denmark. These forces are led by the young Fortinbras, son of the late King of Norway. He is hoping to regain the lands that his father â€Å"did forfeit with his life† (Ii.88) when King Hamlet â€Å"did slay this Fortinbras† (Ii.86) and seized parts of Norway. Also â€Å"now sir, young Fortinbras, of unimprovà ¨d mettle hot and full† (Ii.95-96) seeks revenge for his father’s death. At the end of the play young Fortinbras has more than succeeded in his plans. He sits upon Denmark’s throne with the kingship handed to him by young Hamlet who proclaims: â€Å"But I do prophesy th’election lights on Fortinbras; he has my dying voice† (Vii.334-335). While young Fortinbras has his revenge it was not to be against King Hamlet. He is already dead at the hands of his brother, Claudius â€Å"the serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown† (Iv.38-39). The ghost of â€Å"Hamlet, King, father, royal Dane† (Iiv.45) tells the young Prince that poison was poured into his ear such that the â€Å"whole ear of Denmark is by a forged process of my death rankly abused† (Iv.36-37). Prince Hamlet is charged to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (Iv.25). It is not however just a murder, it is a loss â€Å"of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched† (Iv.75). Even though Hamlet has taken on this promise of revenge he has some doubts a... Free Essays on Hamlet Theme Analysis Free Essays on Hamlet Theme Analysis The tragedy of Hamlet is a tragedy of losses. A son’s loss of his father. A child’s abandonment by his mother. A man’s rejection by his lover. A loss of friendship. The loss of lives, and finally the loss of a country. All of these losses are tragic within themselves but the ultimate tragedy is that each one contained within itself the seeds of its own making. The seeds of destruction are sown and grow to produce the tragedies of loss that lie scattered through the play like the flowers on Ophelia’s coffin. Early on in the play we learn that forces are gathering around the country of Denmark. These forces are led by the young Fortinbras, son of the late King of Norway. He is hoping to regain the lands that his father â€Å"did forfeit with his life† (Ii.88) when King Hamlet â€Å"did slay this Fortinbras† (Ii.86) and seized parts of Norway. Also â€Å"now sir, young Fortinbras, of unimprovà ¨d mettle hot and full† (Ii.95-96) seeks revenge for his father’s death. At the end of the play young Fortinbras has more than succeeded in his plans. He sits upon Denmark’s throne with the kingship handed to him by young Hamlet who proclaims: â€Å"But I do prophesy th’election lights on Fortinbras; he has my dying voice† (Vii.334-335). While young Fortinbras has his revenge it was not to be against King Hamlet. He is already dead at the hands of his brother, Claudius â€Å"the serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown† (Iv.38-39). The ghost of â€Å"Hamlet, King, father, royal Dane† (Iiv.45) tells the young Prince that poison was poured into his ear such that the â€Å"whole ear of Denmark is by a forged process of my death rankly abused† (Iv.36-37). Prince Hamlet is charged to â€Å"revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (Iv.25). It is not however just a murder, it is a loss â€Å"of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched† (Iv.75). Even though Hamlet has taken on this promise of revenge he has some doubts a...

Highschool Grade Guides

Work 1 on 1 with a consultant from a top school on every aspect of your application, including your college essays. Get your college essay reviewed fast— as quickly as 1.5 hours — by our expert essay editing team. Improve your score and prepare for the SAT online with your own tutor and our proven curriculum. Build up your high school resume during 9th-11th grade by working with one of our mentors from a top school! Join thousands of students and parents getting exclusive high school, test prep, and college admissions information. Check out our guides for each year of high school. Don’t see your grade here? Sign up for our email list to get notified when we add it. We’ve outlined what high school freshman should focus on during this important year! All high school sophomores should read this guide to make the most of 10th grade. We’ll send you valuable information to help you strengthen your profile and get ready for college admissions.

Tim Hortons Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tim Hortons - Assignment Example Training needs are assessed through group interactions and observations by the human resource departments. The methods and techniques of training must be scientifically objective. This requires appropriately scaling the individual employee's performance through scores such as "needs improving, good, and excellent" (Chapman, Alan; 2009). Teams work best when they are given specific projects to work on. The selection and structure of teams depend on the size of the project and number of qualified personnel required in each team. They are trained on the basis of the job requirements and they are appraised through tests and observation by superiors as well as the human resource departments (Chaudron, David). Our business follows various strategies. We recognize good performance with a good back pat. We also recognize good performances through cash prize, good performance certificates and promotions (Employee Motivation & Job Satisfaction, 2009). Business hires a flexible leader. The flexible leader is a manager as well as leader. He knows a leadership is not manager and manager is not a leader. At the same time, he is capable of bonding with his men on a personal and emotional level. He has business targets. He meets his business targets using personal and emotional skills (Fletcher, Douglas; 2010).

Paleontogly Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paleontogly - Research Paper Example The contemporary representation of this sexual dimorphism is that it is a â€Å"single, unidimensional phenomenon that is displayed to greater (e.g. gorillas, orangutans) or lesser (e.g. humans) degrees in the different primate species† (Oxnard, 1987, 2). Furthermore, it is commonly believed to be mainly related to variations in general size of the body between sexes (Levinton, 2001). The implication for evolutionary theory is, that human sexual dimorphism in the past must have been significantly greater than it is in the present day, possibly more like that in the living primates (Oxnard, 1987). Understanding the human ancestry is regarded as one of the challenges in exploring human evolution. Nonetheless, several fossil hunters appear to believe that this implies that their mission is to find the pieces of the exact human antecedent in the field (Elewa, 2004). Similarly, several laboratory examiners appear to believe that this implies that their mission is proving that a certain fossil relic is that ancestor (Serafini, 1993). Exploring human evolution, even in the mind of the public, appears to be this issue of moving from ‘missing’ to ‘found’ links (Oxnard, 1987, 2). The challenge appears to be the unearthing of ancestors. But what is the certainty of this undertaking? Even from a population as large and concentrated as that of any major metropolitan area, and over as many as hundreds of generations, the statistical changes of any particular individual ever becoming fossilized and found by a paleontologist millions of years later must be almost infinitesimal. How much less must be the chances of finding representatives of populations of perhaps only a few thousand, scattered over an area of the world as large as Africa or Asia, during periods of time measured in hundreds of thousands, even millions of years (Oxnard, 1987, 3). Once humans are thousand years ahead of a death, possibly tens of thousands of

Altruism Is Ultimately Selfish Essay Example for Free

Altruism Is Ultimately Selfish Essay Discuss the proposal that pure selfless altruism does not exist. Bartel (1976) defines prosocial behaviour as ‘behaviour that intentionally helps or benefits another person’. Batson (1987) defines altruism as ‘helping another person for no reward, and even at some cost to oneself.’ This definition of altruism seemingly depicts the behaviour as selfless, however there is a wealth of research which suggests that this is not the case. Dawkins (1976) also provides evidence that altruism is ultimately selfish. He separated individuals into three categories in regards to prosocial behaviour displayed. These were grudgers, cheats and suckers. Grudgers were deemed to be the most evolutionary stable category, as they could control and ‘punish’ cheats (who seek out and accept the help of others without returning the help) and could coexist with suckers (who indiscriminately provide others with help). This therefore provides support for the sociobiological view of prosocial behaviour, that it is ultimately selfish as its aim is to promote gene survival. However, this theory can only work if we know one’s altruistic or egoistic behaviour, and so Many studies have shown that we will only help others if we believe they would also help us. Clutton-Brock and Palmer (1995) found altruism to be conditional, which suggests that it therefore cannot be selfless. However, this can only work if we know one’s altruistic or egoistic behaviour, and so cannot benefit evolution if we do not (Mifune et al. 2010) This view is supported by the Social Norm approach. The Social Norm approach argues that altruism is based on reciprocity and equity. Equity theory states that we consider interactions to be fair if the outcomes are equally proportionate to the inputs (Wagstaff, 2001). A limitation of this theory is that Buunk et al (2012) found it difficult to apply to intimate relationships. A further limitation is that positive inputs could yield negative results, which is not fair or just (Wagstaff, 2001). An amendment to this theory by Wagstaff and Perfect (1993, 2001) ensured that good inputs can only be returned with rewards, and negative inputs can only be returned with punishments. There is evidence to suggest that people do operate by this model (Wagstaff, 2001) which implies that decisions of whether to display prosocial behaviour are weighted in fairness, meaning that altruistic acts may only be displayed if the individual perceives it to be fair to others. Cialdini and Kendrick (1976) devised the Negative state relief model to offer a possible explanation of altruism. This suggests that we help others to relieve negative feelings. This has been supported by Piliavin (1981) who argued in his Arousal: Cost reward model that negative feelings, such as guilt, instigate negative arousal and therefore people may provide others with help to alleviate this negative emotion. Both of these models suggest that we are helping others to help ourselves, which supports the claim that true, s elfless altruism does not exist. However, other research has found that helping behaviour increases in correlation with positive mood states (Isen, 1999). Even so, Carlson (1988) argues that this could be due to an individuals drive to prolong their good mood state by helping others. One limitation of this view is that it assumes that helping is a rewarding behaviour. Another norm in respect to prosocial behaviour is social responsibility, which can be defined as helping those in need. Altruistic or prosocial acts tend to be more frequent towards ingroup (such as friends and family) than outgroup members (Cohen, 1978; Mifune et al, 2010.) Burnstein (2005) found that identical twins are more likely to help (94%) than fraternal twins (46%) which supports this hypothesis. There is also evidence to suggest that kidney donors are three times more likely to donate to relatives than nonrelatives (Borgida et al, 1992; Axelrod et al 2010). These findings suggest that altruistic acts are not purely selfless; seeing our friends and families in pain increases our own personal negative affect, and so we are more motivated to help them than we would be strangers. However evidence suggests that social responsibility can be diffused. This reduces helping behaviour within groups. Latane and Darley (1970) coined the terms pluralistic ignorance (not helping because it appears that no one else is concerned) and diffusion of responsibility (the tendency to believe that someone else must be dealing with the situation). This lack of helping behaviour in group situations shows that prosocial behaviour cannot be explained by social responsibility alone and so do individuals who help despite the above effects show more selflessly altruistic tendencies? Further evidence against selfless altruism comes from the evidence that individual attributes appear to effect prosocial and altruistic behaviour being displayed. Ruggiero et al (1981) found that taller, heavier and physically stronger people are more likely to put themselves in harm’s way to help others in an emergency. This would suggest that an individual has first considered the cost to themselves of helping, meaning their act would not be selflessly altruistic. One contrast to this theory is that this body type closely resembles Sheldon’s (1942) mesomorph body type; who was claimed to be more likely to have tendencies towards violent crime. Pantin and carver (1982) found that participants were more likely to help a choking confederate after three weeks first aid training than without it. Also, Eisenberg-Berg (1979) found that prosocial behaviour increases if a person believes their fate to be within their own control, and if the person has mature moral judgement. This again implies that an individual tends to consider their own competency and implications of helping others prior to doing so, again raising doubts over the existence of selfless altruism. However Batson et al (1987; 2003) claim that true, selfless altruism does exist; and that it is motivated by empathy. Batson claims that if helping is motivated by relieving personal distress, an individual could simply flee the scene., yet true empathic concern for another cannot be alleviated by escaping. In his study, Batson assigned participants to high and low empathy conditions, and easy or difficult to escape conditions; to leave after two trials or ten trials respectively. He also gave participants the option of changing places with the victim after two trials. When escape was easy, individuals with low empathic concern escaped the situation. However those with high empathic concern stayed and changed places with the victim. Batson claimed this to be true altruism. Traits such as aggression and dominance are associated with reduced empathy , and individuals with these traits have been shown to show less prosocial behaviour than those without them (Eisenberg et al, 2010). However empathy can be perceived as creating a negative affect such as guilt if help was not offered, and this negative state would be beneficial for an individual to relieve; therefore helping another individual with whom you have empathy for can relieve negative emotion in oneself, and can even instigate positive affect and/ or mood. This supports Pilliavin’s (1981) Arousal: Cost reward model and Cialdini and Kendrick’s (1976) Negative state relief model and therefore provides evidence that selfless altruism does not exist. In contrast, Batson (1989) found that people were not more likely to help others when informed that doing so would gi ve them access to a mood enhancing procedure. The finding that reciprocal altruism can be learned (Rachlin, 2003) raises an interesting question of whether it can be unlearned. Warnekin and Tomasello (2008) found 36 20 month old toddlers who consistently helped by picking up an object. Some were rewarded after showing this behaviour. They found that the children who were rewarded decreased this behaviour unless they were rewarded for it again; whereas the toddlers who were given no reward were more likely to continue helping. In support of this, Knafo, Schwartz and Levine (2009) found that in countries were individuals are raised to be helpful, there was a reduced tendency to help out group members. As helping in group members is more likely to relieve negative affect than helping outgroup members, this could be viewed as a reduced tendency to display altruistic behaviour. These studies raise the question as to whether it is possible that true altruism does exist, and whether theories such as social learning theory may play a role on its nurturance or demise within a culture or group. Sabini (1995) stated that if true altruism exists, it excludes any rational reasons for helping others, be it extrinsic or intrinsic rewards. In fact according to the sociobiological principle, it would be evolutionarily weak to be selflessly altruistic, as we may become like Dawkin’s ‘suckers’ helping cheats to prosper. This provides further evidence that selfless altruism does not exist; as we would not be able to grow and prosper as a society. In conclusion, the majority of evidence suggests that true altruism does not exist.

Essay on the Growth of Katherina in Taming of the Shrew -- Taming Shre

The Growth of Katherina in Taming of the Shrew Although Katherina's final speech in The Taming of the Shrew may sound subservient on the surface, it actually reflects her growth and development into a stronger and more complex character. Without losing the forcefulness that she displayed earlier in the play, the delivery of her final speech exhibits the cleverness and deceptiveness that she has learned from Petruchio throughout the "taming" process. At the beginning of the play, Katherina is seen as the forceful sister and Bianca as the clever one. Katherina is described by Grumio as the "fiend of hell" (I.i.88) and by Tranio as "curst and shrewd" (I.i.180). In contrast, Lucentio sees in Bianca's silence "mild behavior and sobriety" (I.i.71). Early in the play, Katherina forcefully binds Bianca's hands and beats her and a weeping Bianca resorts to her father to get away from Katherina (II.i.1-25). Bianca does not use force but instead relies on cleverness to get her way. As part of her cleverness, Bianca displays a gentle and subservient nature that she knows is pleasing to her father. For example, even though Baptista tells Bianca that she cannot marry until Katherina has taken a husband, he asks that she let this "not displease [her]" (I.i.77) and tells her to go inside. Bianca willingly obeys her father's wishes, telling him: "Sir, to your pleasure humbly I subscribe;/My books and instruments shall be my company" (I.i.81-82). Conversely, when Baptista then tells Katherina to stay, she forcefully ignores his wishes and leaves after responding: "What, shall I be appointed hours, as though (belike)/I knew not what to take and what to leave? Ha!" (I.i.103-04). Lucentio is very much like Bianca. He uses clever dis... ...ee our lances are but straws, Our strength as weak, our weakness past compare, That seeming to be most which we indeed least are. (V.ii.170-75) Katherina's final speech may be ironical but it is exactly what society expects to hear. The tone of her speech is dignified and aristocratic and it is delivered with style and persuasion. It is by far the most noble and eloquent speech included in the play. Katherina's ability to effectively deliver this speech exhibits her growth into a stronger character--one that now possesses both forcefulness and cleverness. Compared with Bianca and Lucentio, who remain one-sided (clever-only) characters, Katherina and Petruchio together form a formidable pair--as characters that are bothclever and forceful. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. The Taming of the Shrew. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997. Essay on the Growth of Katherina in Taming of the Shrew -- Taming Shre The Growth of Katherina in Taming of the Shrew Although Katherina's final speech in The Taming of the Shrew may sound subservient on the surface, it actually reflects her growth and development into a stronger and more complex character. Without losing the forcefulness that she displayed earlier in the play, the delivery of her final speech exhibits the cleverness and deceptiveness that she has learned from Petruchio throughout the "taming" process. At the beginning of the play, Katherina is seen as the forceful sister and Bianca as the clever one. Katherina is described by Grumio as the "fiend of hell" (I.i.88) and by Tranio as "curst and shrewd" (I.i.180). In contrast, Lucentio sees in Bianca's silence "mild behavior and sobriety" (I.i.71). Early in the play, Katherina forcefully binds Bianca's hands and beats her and a weeping Bianca resorts to her father to get away from Katherina (II.i.1-25). Bianca does not use force but instead relies on cleverness to get her way. As part of her cleverness, Bianca displays a gentle and subservient nature that she knows is pleasing to her father. For example, even though Baptista tells Bianca that she cannot marry until Katherina has taken a husband, he asks that she let this "not displease [her]" (I.i.77) and tells her to go inside. Bianca willingly obeys her father's wishes, telling him: "Sir, to your pleasure humbly I subscribe;/My books and instruments shall be my company" (I.i.81-82). Conversely, when Baptista then tells Katherina to stay, she forcefully ignores his wishes and leaves after responding: "What, shall I be appointed hours, as though (belike)/I knew not what to take and what to leave? Ha!" (I.i.103-04). Lucentio is very much like Bianca. He uses clever dis... ...ee our lances are but straws, Our strength as weak, our weakness past compare, That seeming to be most which we indeed least are. (V.ii.170-75) Katherina's final speech may be ironical but it is exactly what society expects to hear. The tone of her speech is dignified and aristocratic and it is delivered with style and persuasion. It is by far the most noble and eloquent speech included in the play. Katherina's ability to effectively deliver this speech exhibits her growth into a stronger character--one that now possesses both forcefulness and cleverness. Compared with Bianca and Lucentio, who remain one-sided (clever-only) characters, Katherina and Petruchio together form a formidable pair--as characters that are bothclever and forceful. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. The Taming of the Shrew. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Longman, 1997.

How Computers have affected International Busniess Essay

The personal computer has become a near necessity in modern society; business and government have also become dependent on the computer for all manner of operations and operating their business. With new opportunities come new dangers, and there are concerns today both for ethical violations in computer use and crime making use of the power of the computer. The computers today are creating violation among the people due to the software which are created and this makes the person feel insecure and the person always stays in tension. Ethics is the art of doing what is right in a societal context, and the computer user is part of such a context in the virtual world, or the world of cyberspace. Computer ethics includes everything from proper online etiquette to respect for the privacy of others. Computer crime may take place through overt theft, confidence games, and new electronic means of capturing data, creating viruses that destroy other computers, and crimes not even thought of yet. Due to this increment in the number of computer crimes, important and confidential data of people have been hacked and misused in different places. Fighting computer crime requires a law enforcement community that is computer literate and constantly on the watch for criminal activity and new crimes. It also requires a legislature willing to change existing laws to match new capabilities. Computers today are part of our lives in ways we often do not even notice, not only in the more obvious personal computers we use at home and the larger computers we may use in such places as banks and libraries, but also in computer technology that is found in home appliances such as television sets, coffee makers, microwave ovens, videocassette recorders, and hand calculators, not to mention toys and games. Computers are nowadays used in every part of life and are easily accessible from anywhere. The world has become very close but it has also affected the international business to a great extent. The Act places restrictions on the ability of businesses to include in their distributed applications the capability of gathering user information and disseminating this information to the software company or some other third party. The legislation includes the demand that any business that uses information-gathering must make it clearly visible to consumers that such information is being collected. The legislation also mandates that consumers must be able to view a summary of all information collected that pertains to them. One of the most important features of the legislation is that it mandates that no company is able to collect personal information for such purposes without first gaining the consent of consumers. This type of software safeguard’s the rights of the company but the computer thefts have created such programs that are very powerful and can help in seeking information. The data in the computer is transferred at a very fast speed but the data through transferring can even be copied or lost. All the time the computer accession is not available and therefore the connection with the business is lost if the business completely depends on the computers. The reasons could be power failure, hard disk break down or many more. These reasons require time to be overcome and solved and the time which is required makes a person out of touch with the trade of the business and this affects the economy a lot as the sales are reduced. International trade requires services of the computer at all times but the computer having exceed in the development to a great extent still remains a machine and therefore a machine is a program based device which can get mingled up with any type of wrong instructions or many other things. The loss of property both physical and financial in nature through theft is a major problem confronted by management. The perpetrators of this illegal activity are found among the employees of the organizations, the customers of the organizations, and persons not directly associated with the organizations. It is a definite mistake to assume that white collar crime or white collar criminals are unitary in character. Both come in many forms. These crimes are committed by many people and this has created a small untrustworthy feeling on the computers. People are not sure that the data of their business is safe or not. The internet banking system is also a great facility for the people who are abroad to get things easily in just few clicks but this has also suffered when many accounts were hacked and the money was taken out. In the conclusion is can be stated that people have misused the facility of the computer and this has infected the society very much. The people have themselves created software which has made the data unsafe. Therefore this has made international business slow in progress.

Anucha Browne Sanders vs Madison Square Graden

The executive, Anucha Browne Sanders, has asked for an additional $9. 6 million in compensatory damages, which the judge will decide on in the coming weeks. The Garden and Mr. Thomas said they would appeal. Ms. Browne Sanders accused Mr. Thomas of verbally abusing and sexually harassing her over a two-year period. Less than a month after she formally complained to the Garden, the company chairman, James L. Dolan, fired her. In court, the Garden cited numerous explanations for the dismissal, including poor job performance and the claim that she had interfered with the Garden’s internal investigation of her accusations.Ms. Browne Sanders, who wept when the decision was read, described her victory as important for â€Å"the women who don’t have the means and couldn’t possibly have done what I was able to do,† and for â€Å"everybody that cares about working in a civil work environment. † Mr. Thomas emerged from the courthouse and said, â€Å"I want to say it as loud as I possibly can: I am innocent; I am very innocent. I did not do the things that she accused me in the courtroom of doing. † Patting his chest for emphasis, he added, â€Å"I am extremely disappointed that the jury did not see the facts in this case.I will appeal this. † The sordid four-week trial was the latest chapter in the story of a once-respected N. B. A. franchise. During Mr. Thomas’s nearly four-year tenure as president and now coach, the team has spent millions on free agents without any progress toward a championship. And still to come, the Garden faces a second sexual harassment trial brought by a former Rangers cheerleader against team officials. The Garden was ordered to pay $6 million for subjecting Ms. Browne Sanders to a hostile work environment and another $2. million for firing her in retaliation. The jury ordered that Mr. Dolan pay $3 million for the retaliation. In his testimony, Mr. Dolan said that he alone made the decision to fire her. Mr. Dolan had no comment on the verdict or the award. Although found liable, Mr. Thomas will not have to pay any of the punitive damages for sexually harassing Ms. Browne Sanders with unwanted sexual advances. One holdout on the seven-member jury kept the panel from holding him financially responsible for the harassment. The juror Sally Anne Foster, 49, of Cortlandt Manor, N. Y. said it was just â€Å"different personality traits† among the jurors that led them to hold Mr. Dolan, not Mr. Thomas, financially liable for Ms. Browne Sanders’s claims. Asked if she believed Mr. Dolan’s testimony, Ms. Foster said: â€Å"I can’t say. I’m not a psychiatrist. † United States District Court Judge Gerard E. Lynch is expected to make a decision as early as next month on compensatory damages for Ms. Browne Sanders, a formerNorthwestern University basketball star and mother of three, who was fired in January 2006 from her $260,000-a-year job as the Knicks’ senior vice president of marketing.She said that the firing by Mr. Dolan led her to search for more than year to find her current job as the associate athletic director at the State University of New York at Buffalo, at about half her salary with the Knicks. The trial painted Mr. Thomas as the foul-mouthed president of basketball operations who clashed with Ms. Browne Sanders about their executive responsibilities. It featured testimony about sex between the team’s star,Stephon Marbury, and a Knicks intern in his truck; a slipshod internal Garden investigation of Ms. Browne Sanders’s claims; and the hiring of Mr.Marbury’s cousin and a boyfriend of Mr. Dolan’s stepdaughter as Knicks employees. The trial and the verdicts exposed more concern about the state of the Knicks, and the Garden, under Mr. Dolan’s leadership. Mr. Thomas stepped in to coach after Mr. Dolan fired Larry Brown, who received an $18. 5 million contract settlem ent during an arbitration by N. B. A. Commissioner David Stern. The Garden refused to settle the case against Ms. Browne Sanders, exposing the organization to ridicule in newspapers and in television reports. But the verdicts will not lead to sanctions by the league.Although the league penalizes players, coaches and team owners for criminal infractions, said Tim Frank, the league’s vice president for basketball communications, â€Å"Our policies do not encompass civil litigation. † The claims that Ms. Browne Sanders made against Mr. Thomas appeared to come down to a test of her credibility as a little-known executive against his celebrity standing and Hall of Fame status. Her claims that he repeatedly referred to her as a â€Å"bitch† and made unwanted advances had little corroboration from witnesses. Still, they stood up to a barrage of testimony by witnesses for Mr.Thomas and the Garden that her job performance had dramatically floundered in 2005. â€Å"If th is was something I made up, it would have been a lot juicier,† Ms. Browne Sanders said in an interview. After the verdict, Mr. Thomas left for the Knicks’ training camp in Charleston, S. C. , where he arrived later in the afternoon. Ms. Browne Sanders gathered with her legal team and relatives for a prayer circle outside the courthouse. In its statement, the Garden said, â€Å"We look forward to presenting our arguments to an appeals court and believe they will agree that no sexual harassment took place. Carl Tobias, a professor at the University of Richmond Law School and a former civil litigator, doubted the appeal would succeed. â€Å"The jury heard the facts and it is unusual that an appeals court would overturn a jury finding which was so fact-intensive,† he said in a telephone interview. â€Å"There isn’t much basis unless there was a legal error, and Judge Lynch has a very good reputation for making sure his cases are fairly and properly tried. â €  Tobias said that the jury not holding Mr. Thomas financially liable â€Å"is not a large enough inconsistency that could have this overturned. †

An Overview of American Symbolism essays

An Overview of American Symbolism essays A symbol is something that stands for or suggests something else because of relationship, association, convention, or accidental resemblance. (Merriam Websters Collegiate Dictionary 1194). These emblematic masterpieces have been both created and destroyed by war. These wars have resulted in creating these numerous symbols of freedom. As America has evolved over time, the American flag, Star-Spangled Banner, Statue of Liberty, Bill of Rights, Constitution, and Liberty Bell has become the core of American symbols. The American flag was first designed by Francis Hopkinson and sewn by Betsy Ross, a seamstress of Philadelphia. The flag consisted of thirteen stripes and stars representing the thirteen colonies. The thirteen stars of the American flag were arranged in a circle to signify the unity and equality of the colonies. The red on the American flag is in representation of bravery, the blue is justice, and the white is liberty making this signify what our country will always stand for (Ryan 29-30). The flag epitomizes the rights, liberty, and democracy of the United States (The Pledge of Allegiance 11). The flag was first flown over schools in Colrain, Massachusetts, as early as 1812. Today, the flag was then the inspiration to the creation of the Star-Spangled Banner. The flag is flown in national and state parks, public buildings, sporting events, and ports of entry (The Pledge of Allegiance 7-9). When the flag is flow upside down, the sign of distress is known. Explorers place a flag where they land to show that someone from their country has been there. For example, on every Apollo mission to the moon the flag was placed at the landing site representing America. The flag is placed at half-staff when the need to honor someones death is arises (Ryan 2-5). Flags are on pins, shirts, parades, and homes for the symbolism of the patriotism of the United States (The Pledge of Allegiance 12)....

Character Analysis-Greg Mortenson in THREE CUPS OF TEA Essay

Character Analysis-Greg Mortenson in THREE CUPS OF TEA - Essay Example On one of his mountaineering expeditions to the K2, Greg ends up losing his way and accidentally detours in to the village of Korphe distraught and exhausted where he is warmly welcomed and taken care of by the village chief Haji Ali and his family. This wrong turn in the mountains is what changes his life forever in the most profound and altruistic manner. It is ironic to note that his closest encounter with the most unforgiving and apathetic facets of nature, the K2 often referred to as the ‘Savage Peak’, is what brings out the true human being in him. Greg’s story as well as of those associated with him is one of constant struggle, countless odds and obstacles, personal failures and losses, defeat and ignorance, harsh living conditions and hostile environments and at the same time it is more about hope, change, patience, education and above all the will power and perseverance of the human race to ride against all odds, a quality that extends beyond the boundari es of language, race, region and culture. The fact that the strongest human bonds and relations are built even where there exists no common ground whatsoever is enough to prove that the human race is not about distinctions and boundaries but more about endurance and trust. The attempts of Greg Mortenson to bring peace to a war torn country by educating their underprivileged children is by no means a simple feat. It is Greg’s relentless efforts, undying spirit and ability to get over odds (albeit with much difficulty) that work in his favor. In many senses he is just like any one else. He goes through a myriad of ups and downs (mostly downs in the beginning), struggles to overcome lost love and failed relationships and is unable to successfully maintain focus. There are many instances in the book where we can see his feelings of frustration, anger, disappointment and lack of motivation which cast doubts in his mind in executing the seemingly impossible task that he has embarke d on. But the most valuable lesson he learns from Haji Ali, that of patience, is what ultimately helps him in overcoming his downfalls. And as the book progresses we are able to see clearly how he is increasingly able to adapt to difficult situations and how his patience and determination along with a clear mind help him significantly during many unfathomable situations such as his kidnapping. It is his long term interaction with an otherwise intimidating group of people that actually helps him through the kidnapping fiasco. A reference made of him sipping tea from a plastic mug ‘with a show of enthusiasm, smiling at the men, while he studied them’ (Mortenson, Relin 164) is a good example of this acquired trait. A childhood well spent in Tanzania, one of the less developed parts of Africa, and an upbringing by strong willed independent parents who themselves dedicated their lives to the betterment of the African society that they considered their own definitely had an i mpact on Greg’s life and beliefs. Greg says about his father, â€Å"He taught me, he taught all of us, that if you believe in yourself, you can accomplish anything† (38). His later career in the army only helped reinforce the strength of character that was prominent

Modual 6 questions see below Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modual 6 questions see below - Coursework Example Industrial farming quickly utilize the top soil. When the top soil is exhausted the land remains bare, and the farmers clear trees for more virgin lands. Since its inception, a third of the earth’s topsoil has been lost. Making the Industrial farming one of the largest enemy of the soil. The soil is diminishing in quantity and quality in Midwestern areas. This is due to the heavy agricultural machinery that compact the soil leaving behind heterogeneous clamps that are loose and impermeable to rainwater leading to erosion. Plant roots are unable to penetrate the land and the reverse process of compaction will require decades to occur. Sahel is another location with diminished quality and quantity of soil. The consequences include the region moving more into a desert periphery. The regions now experience hot days and harsh winds. A large portion of the soil has turned into stone hard soil that water and plant roots are unable to filter or penetrate. The lands stretching from the northern Africa are also having poor quality and quantity of soil. This is due to human activities such as overgrazing and deforestation. The consequences of their action are desertification and huge famine in 1980s that killed over 100,00o people in the region (Richardson, 2008) Soil is the mixture of fine matter consisting of organic remains, rock particles and clay. It forms the top most layer of the earth and support plant growth. It is normally black or dark brown in color and act as a habitat for some animal as insects and worms. Soil erosion comprises of the removal of the earths top soil that has no vegetative cover by surface runoffs and other agents. This top soil is normally rich in humus and the best for plant growth. Soil erosion occurs when agents as wind and water flow over the soil carrying the loose top soil and depositing it at other places like riverbanks and the ocean. Soil desertification is the degradation of land due to loss